Includes bibliographical references.

Ch. I. Defining adherence -- Ch. II. The magnitude of the problem of poor adherence -- Ch. III. How does poor adherence affect policy makers and health managers? -- Ch. IV. Lessons learned -- Ch. V. Towards the solution -- Ch. VI. How can improved adherence be translated into health and economics benefits? -- Ch. VII. Asthma -- Ch. VIII. Cancer (palliative care) -- Ch. IX. Depression -- Ch. X. Diabetes -- Ch. XI. Epilepsy -- Ch. XII. HIV/AIDS -- Ch. XIII. Hypertension -- Ch. XIV. Tobacco smoking cessation -- Ch. XV. Tuberculosis -- Annex I. Behavioural mechanisms explaining adherence -- Annex II. Statements by stakeholders -- Annex III. Table of reported factors by condition and dimension -- Annex IV. Table of reported interventions by condition and dimension -- Annex V. Global adherence interdisciplinary network (GAIN).