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008			090825s2011 paua b 001 0 eng
010			_a 2009035327
016	7		_a101513815 _2DNLM
020			_a9781416045748 (alk. paper)
020			_a1416045740 (alk. paper)
029	1		_aNLM _b101513815
029	1		_aAU@ _b000044625747
035			_a(OCoLC)ocn434319356
035			_a(OCoLC)434319356
035			_a(NNC)7923800
040			_aDNLM/DLC _cDLC _dNLM _dC#P _dYDXCP _dYBM _dVAM _dOrLoB-B
042			_apcc
050	0	0	_aQP34.5 _b.G9 2011
060	1	0	_aQT 104 _bH1767g 2011
082	0	0	_a612 _222
100	1		_aHall, John E. _q(John Edward), _d1946- _93255
245	1	0	_aGuyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology: a South Asian Edition _cJohn E. Hall.
246	3	0	_aTextbook of medical physiology
250			_a12th ed.
260			_aPhiladelphia, PA : _bSaunders/Elsevier, _cc2013.
300			_axix, 1091 p. : _bill. (chiefly col.) ; _c29 cm.
500			_aRev. ed. of: Textbook of medical physiology. 11th ed. c2006.
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505	0	0	_gUNIT I. _tIntroduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology -- _gChapter 1. _tFunctional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the "Internal Environment" -- _tCells as the Living Units of the Body -- _tExtracellular Fluid---The "Internal Environment" -- _t"Homeostatic" Mechanisms of the Major Functional Systems -- _tControl Systems of the Body -- _tSummary---Automaticity of the Body -- _gChapter 2. _tThe Cell and its Functions -- _tOrganization of the Cell -- _tPhysical Structure of the Cell -- _tComparison of the Animal Cell with Precellular Forms of Life -- _tFunctional Systems of the Cell -- _tLocomotion of Cells -- _gChapter 3. _tGenetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction -- _tGenes in the Cell Nucleus -- _tThe DNA Code in the Cell Nucleus is Transferred to an RNA Code in the Cell Cytoplasm---The Process of Transcription -- _tSynthesis of Other Substances in the Cell -- _tControl of Gene Function and Biochemical Activity in Cells -- _tThe DNA-Genetic System Also Controls Cell Reproduction -- _tCell Differentiation -- _tApoptosis---Programmed Cell Death -- _tCancer -- _gUNIT II. _tMembrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle -- _gChapter 4. _tTransport of Substances Through Cell Membranes -- _tThe Lipid Barrier of the Cell Membrane and Cell Membrane Transport Proteins -- _tDiffusion -- _t"Active Transport" of Substances Through Membranes -- _gChapter 5. _tMembrane Potentials and Action Potentials -- _tBasic Physics of Membrane Potentials -- _tMeasuring the Membrane Potential -- _tResting Membrane Potential of Nerves -- _tNerve Action Potential -- _tRoles of Other Ions During the Action Potential -- _tPropagation of the Action Potential -- _tRe-establishing Sodium and Potassium Ionic Gradients After Action Potentials are Completed---Importance of Energy Metabolism -- _tPlateau in Some Action Potentials -- _tRhythmicity of Some Excitable Tissues---Repetitive Discharge -- _tSpecial Characteristics of Signal Transmission in Nerve Trunks -- _tExcitation---The Process of Eliciting the Action Potential -- _tRecording Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials -- _gChapter 6. _tContraction of Skeletal Muscle -- _tPhysiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle -- _tGeneral Mechanism of Muscle Contraction -- _tMolecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction -- _tEnergetics of Muscle Contraction -- _tCharacteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction -- _gChapter 7. _tExcitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- _tTransmission of Impulses from Nerve Endings to Skeletal Muscle Fibers: The Neuromuscular Junction -- _tMolecular Biology of Acetylcholine Formation and Release -- _tDrugs That Enhance or Block Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction -- _tMyasthenia Gravis Causes Muscle Paralysis -- _tMuscle Action Potential -- _tExcitation-Contraction Coupling -- _gChapter 8. _tExcitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle -- _tContraction of Smooth Muscle -- _tNervous and Hormonal Control of Smooth Muscle Contraction -- _gUNIT III. _tThe Heart -- _gChapter 9. _tCardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves -- _tPhysiology of Cardiac Muscle -- _tCardiac Cycle -- _tRelationship of the Heart Sounds to Heart Pumping -- _tWork Output of the Heart -- _tChemical Energy Required for Cardiac Contraction: Oxygen Utilization by the Heart -- _tRegulation of Heart Pumping -- _gChapter 10. _tRhythmical Excitation of the Heart -- _tSpecialized Excitatory and Conductive System of the Heart -- _tControl of Excitation and Conduction in the Heart -- _gChapter 11. _tThe Normal Electrocardiogram -- _tCharacteristics of the Normal Electrocardiogram -- _tMethods for Recording Electrocardiograms -- _tFlow of Current Around the Heart during the Cardiac Cycle -- _tElectrocardiographic Leads -- _gChapter 12. _tElectrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis -- _tPrinciples of Vectorial Analysis of Electrocardiograms -- _tVectorial Analysis of the Normal Electrocardiogram -- _tMean Electrical Axis of the Ventricular QRS---and Its Significance -- _tConditions That Cause Abnormal Voltages of the QRS Complex -- _tProlonged and Bizarre Patterns of the QRS Complex -- _tCurrent of Injury -- _tAbnormalities in the T Wave -- _gChapter 13. _tCardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation -- _tAbnormal Sinus Rhythms -- _tAbnormal Rhythms That Result from Block of Heart Signals Within the Intracardiac Conduction Pathways -- _tPremature Contractions -- _tParoxysmal Tachycardia -- _tVentricular Fibrillation -- _tAtrial Fibrillation -- _tAtrial Flutter -- _tCardiac Arrest -- _gUNIT IV. _tThe Circulation -- _gChapter 14. _tOverview of the Circulation; Biophysics of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance -- _tPhysical Characteristics of the Circulation -- _tBasic Principles of Circulatory Function -- _tInterrelationships of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance -- _gChapter 15. _tVascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems -- _tVascular Distensibility -- _tArterial Pressure Pulsations -- _tVeins and Their Functions -- _gChapter 16. _tThe Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow -- _tStructure of the Microcirculation and Capillary System -- _tFlow of Blood in the Capillaries---Vasomotion -- _tExchange of Water, Nutrients, and Other Substances Between the Blood and Interstitial Fluid -- _tInterstitium and Interstitial Fluid -- _tFluid Filtration Across Capillaries is Determined by Hydrostatic and Colloid Osmotic Pressures, as Well as Capillary Filtration Coefficient -- _tLymphatic System -- _gChapter 17. _tLocal and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow -- _tLocal Control of Blood Flow in Response to Tissue Needs -- _tMechanisms of Blood Flow Control -- _tHumoral Control of the Circulation -- _gChapter 18. _tNervous Regulation of the Circulation, and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure -- _tNervous Regulation of the Circulation -- _tRole of the Nervous System in Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure -- _tSpecial Features of Nervous Control of Arterial Pressure -- _gChapter 19. _tRole of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation -- _tRenal-Body Fluid System for Arterial Pressure Control -- _tThe Renin-Angiotensin System: Its Role in Arterial Pressure Control -- _tSummary of the Integrated, Multifaceted System for Arterial Pressure Regulation -- _gChapter 20. _tCardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation -- _tNormal Values for Cardiac Output at Rest and During Activity -- _tControl of Cardiac Output by Venous Return---Role of the Frank-Starling Mechanism of the Heart -- _tPathologically High or Low Cardiac Outputs -- _tMethods for Measuring Cardiac Output -- _gChapter 21. _tMuscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease -- _tBlood Flow Regulation in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and During Exercise -- _tCoronary Circulation -- _gChapter 22. _tCardiac Failure -- _tCirculatory Dynamics in Cardiac Failure -- _tUnilateral Left Heart Failure -- _tLow-Output Cardiac Failure---Cardiogenic Shock -- _tEdema in Patients with Cardiac Failure -- _tCardiac Reserve -- _gChapter 23. _tHeart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects -- _tHeart Sounds -- _tAbnormal Circulatory Dynamics in Valvular Heart Disease -- _tAbnormal Circulatory Dynamics in Congenital Heart Defects -- _tUse of Extracorporeal Circulation During Cardiac Surgery -- _tHypertrophy of the Heart in Valvular and Congenital Heart Disease -- _gChapter 24. _tCirculatory Shock and its Treatment -- _tPhysiologic Causes of Shock -- _tShock Caused by Hypovolemia---Hemorrhagic Shock -- _tNeurogenic Shock---Increased Vascular Capacity -- _tAnaphylactic Shock and Histamine Shock -- _tSeptic Shock -- _tPhysiology of Treatment in Shock -- _tCirculatory Arrest -- _gUNIT V. _tThe Body Fluids and Kidneys -- _gChapter 25. _tThe Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema -- _tFluid Intake and Output Are Balanced During Steady-State Conditions --
505	8	0	_tBody Fluid Compartments -- _tExtracellular Fluid Compartment -- _tBlood Volume -- _tConstituents of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids -- _tMeasurement of Fluid Volumes in the Different Body Fluid Compartments---the Indicator-Dilution Principle -- _tDetermination of Volumes of Specific Body Fluid Compartments -- _tRegulation of Fluid Exchange and Osmotic Equilibrium Between Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid -- _tBasic Principles of Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure -- _tOsmotic Equilibrium Is Maintained Between Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids -- _tVolume and Osmolality of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids in Abnormal States -- _tGlucose and Other Solutions Administered for Nutritive Purposes -- _tClinical Abnormalities of Fluid Volume Regulation: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia -- _tEdema: Excess Fluid in the Tissues -- _tFluids in the "Potential Spaces" of the Body -- _gChapter 26. _tUrine Formation by the Kidneys: I. Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow, and Their Control -- _tMultiple Functions of the Kidneys -- _tPhysiologic Anatomy of the Kidneys -- _tMicturition -- _tPhysiologic Anatomy of the Bladder -- _tTransport of Urine from the Kidney Through the Ureters and into the Bladder -- _tFilling of the Bladder and Bladder Wall Tone; the Cystometrogram -- _tMicturition Reflex -- _tAbnormalities of Micturition -- _tUrine Formation Results from Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion -- _tGlomerular Filtration---The First Step in Urine Formation -- _tDeterminants of the GFR -- _tRenal Blood Flow -- _tPhysiologic Control of Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow -- _tAutoregulation of GFR and Renal Blood Flow -- _gChapter 27. _tUrine Formation by the Kidneys: II. Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion -- _tRenal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion -- _tTubular Reabsorption Includes Passive and Active Mechanisms -- _tReabsorption and Secretion Along Different Parts of the Nephron -- _tRegulation of Tubular Reabsorption -- _tUse of Clearance Methods to Quantify Kidney Function -- _gChapter 28. _tUrine Concentration and Dilution; Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration -- _tKidneys Excrete Excess Water by Forming Dilute Urine -- _tKidneys Conserve Water by Excreting Concentrated Urine -- _tQuantifying Renal Urine Concentration and Dilution: "Free Water" and Osmolar Clearances -- _tDisorders of Urinary Concentrating Ability -- _tControl of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration -- _tOsmoreceptor-ADH Feedback System -- _tImportance of Thirst in Controlling Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration -- _tSalt-Appetite Mechanism for Controlling Extracellular Fluid Sodium Concentration and Volume -- _gChapter 29. _tRenal Regulation of Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium; Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume -- _tRegulation of Extracellular Fluid Potassium Concentration and Potassium Excretion -- _tControl of Renal Calcium Excretion and Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration -- _tControl of Renal Magnesium Excretion and Extracellular Magnesium Ion Concentration -- _tIntegration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Extracellular Fluid -- _tImportance of Pressure Natriuresis and Pressure Diuresis in Maintaining Body Sodium and Fluid Balance -- _tDistribution of Extracellular Fluid Between the Interstitial Spaces and Vascular System -- _tNervous and Hormonal Factors Increase the Effectiveness of Renal-Body Fluid Feedback Control -- _tIntegrated Responses to Changes in Sodium Intake -- _tConditions That Cause Large Increases in Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume -- _tConditions That Cause Large Increases in Extracellular Fluid Volume but with Normal Blood Volume -- _gChapter 30. _tAcid-Base Regulation -- _tH+ Concentration is Precisely Regulated -- _tAcids and Bases---Their Definitions and Meanings -- _tDefending Against Changes in H+ Concentration: Buffers, Lungs, and Kidneys -- _tBuffering of H+ in the Body Fluids -- _tBicarbonate Buffer System -- _tPhosphate Buffer System -- _tProteins Are Important Intracellular Buffers -- _tRespiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance -- _tRenal Control of Acid-Base Balance -- _tSecretion of H+ and Reabsorption of HCO-3 by the Renal Tubules -- _tCombination of Excess H+ with Phosphate and Ammonia Buffers in the Tubule Generates "New" HCO-3 -- _tQuantifying Renal Acid-Base Excretion -- _tRenal Correction of Acidosis---Increased Excretion of H+ and Addition of HCO-3 to the Extracellular Fluid -- _tRenal Correction of Alkalosis---Decreased Tubular Secretion of H+ and Increased Excretion of HCO-3 -- _tClinical Causes of Acid-Base Disorders -- _tTreatment of Acidosis or Alkalosis -- _tClinical Measurements and Analysis of Acid-Base Disorders -- _gChapter 31. _tDiuretics, Kidney Diseases -- _tDiuretics and Their Mechanisms of Action -- _tKidney Diseases -- _tAcute Renal Failure -- _tChronic Renal Failure: An Irreversible Decrease in the Number of Functional Nephrons -- _tSpecific Tubular Disorders -- _tTreatment of Renal Failure by Transplantation or by Dialysis with an Artificial Kidney -- _gUNIT VI. _tBlood Cells, Immunity, and Blood Coagulation -- _gChapter 32. _tRed Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia -- _tRed Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) -- _tAnemias -- _tPolycythemia -- _gChapter 33. _tResistance of the Body to Infection: I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation -- _tLeukocytes (White Blood Cells) -- _tNeutrophils and Macrophages Defend Against Infections -- _tMonocyte-Macrophage Cell System (Reticuloendothelial System) -- _tInflammation: Role of Neutrophils and Macrophages -- _tEosinophils -- _tBasophils -- _tLeukopenia -- _tLeukemias -- _gChapter 34. _tResistance of the Body to Infection: II. Immunity and Allergy Innate Immunity -- _tAcquired (Adaptive) Immunity -- _tAllergy and Hypersensitivity -- _gChapter 35. _tBlood Types; Transfusion; Tissue and Organ Transplantation -- _tAntigenicity Causes Immune Reactions of Blood -- _tO-A-B Blood Types -- _tRh Blood Types -- _tTransplantation of Tissues and Organs -- _gChapter 36. _tHemostasis and Blood Coagulation -- _tEvents in Hemostasis -- _tVascular Constriction -- _tMechanism of Blood Coagulation -- _tConditions That Cause Excessive Bleeding in Humans -- _tThromboembolic Conditions in the Human Being -- _tAnticoagulants for Clinical Use -- _tBlood Coagulation Tests -- _gUNIT VII. _tRespiration -- _gChapter 37. _tPulmonary Ventilation -- _tMechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation -- _tPulmonary Volumes and Capacities -- _tMinute Respiratory Volume Equals Respiratory Rate Times Tidal Volume -- _tAlveolar Ventilation -- _tFunctions of the Respiratory Passageways -- _gChapter 38. _tPulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, Pleural Fluid -- _tPhysiologic Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulatory System -- _tPressures in the Pulmonary System -- _tBlood Volume of the Lungs -- _tBlood Flow Through the Lungs and Its Distribution -- _tEffect of Hydrostatic Pressure Gradients in the Lungs on Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow -- _tPulmonary Capillary Dynamics -- _tFluid in the Pleural Cavity -- _gChapter 39. _tPhysical Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane -- _tPhysics of Gas Diffusion and Gas Partial Pressures -- _tCompositions of Alveolar Air and Atmospheric Air Are Different -- _tDiffusion of Gases Through the Respiratory Membrane -- _tEffect of the Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio on Alveolar Gas Concentration -- _gChapter 40. _tTransport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids -- _tTransport of Oxygen from the Lungs to the Body Tissues -- _tTransport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood -- _tRespiratory Exchange Ratio -- _gChapter 41. _tRegulation of Respiration -- _tRespiratory Center -- _tChemical Control of Respiration -- _tPeripheral Chemoreceptor System for Control of Respiratory Activity---Role of Oxygen in Respiratory Control -- _tRegulation of Respiration During Exercise -- _tOther Factors That Affect Respiration -- _gChapter 42. _tRespiratory Insufficiency---Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy --
505	8	0	_tUseful Methods for Studying Respiratory Abnormalities -- _tPathophysiology of Specific Pulmonary Abnormalities -- _tHypoxia and Oxygen Therapy -- _tHypercapnia---Excess Carbon Dioxide in the Body Fluids -- _tArtificial Respiration -- _gUNIT VIII. _tAviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving Physiology -- _gChapter 43. _tAviation, High-Altitude, and Space Physiology -- _tEffects of Low Oxygen Pressure on the Body -- _tEffects of Acceleratory Forces on the Body in Aviation and Space Physiology -- _t"Artificial Climate" in the Sealed Spacecraft -- _tWeightlessness in Space -- _gChapter 44. _tPhysiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions -- _tEffect of High Partial Pressures of Individual Gases on the Body -- _tScuba (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) Diving -- _tSpecial Physiologic Problems in Submarines -- _tHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy -- _gUNIT IX. _tThe Nervous System: A. General Principles and Sensory Physiology -- _gChapter 45. _tOrganization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters -- _tGeneral Design of the Nervous System -- _tMajor Levels of Central Nervous System Function -- _tComparison of the Nervous System with a Computer -- _tCentral Nervous System Synapses -- _tSome Special Characteristics of Synaptic Transmission -- _gChapter 46. _tSensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information -- _tTypes of Sensory Receptors and the Stimuli They Detect -- _tTransduction of Sensory Stimuli into Nerve Impulses -- _tNerve Fibers That Transmit Different Types of Signals and Their Physiologic Classification -- _tTransmission of Signals of Different Intensity in Nerve Tracts---Spatial and Temporal Summation -- _tTransmission and Processing of Signals in Neuronal Pools -- _tInstability and Stability of Neuronal Circuits -- _gChapter 47. _tSomatic Sensations: I. General Organization, the Tactile and Position Senses -- _tClassification of Somatic Senses -- _tDetection and Transmission of Tactile Sensations -- _tSensory Pathways for Transmitting Somatic Signals into the Central Nervous System -- _tTransmission in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal System -- _tTransmission of Less Critical Sensory Signals in the Anterolateral Pathway -- _tSome Special Aspects of Somatosensory Function -- _gChapter 48. _tSomatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations -- _tTypes of Pain and Their Qualities---Fast Pain and Slow Pain -- _tPain Receptors and Their Stimulation -- _tDual Pathways for Transmission of Pain Signals into the Central Nervous System -- _tPain Suppression ("Analgesia") System in the Brain and Spinal Cord -- _tReferred Pain -- _tVisceral Pain -- _tSome Clinical Abnormalities of Pain and Other Somatic Sensations.
650		0	_aHuman physiology. _93256
650		0	_aPhysiology, Pathological. _93257
650	1	2	_aPhysiological Phenomena. _93258
700	1		_aGuyton, Arthur C. _93259
730	0		_aTextbook of medical physiology. _93260
856			_uhttp://nhrc.org.np/contact _yVisit NHRC Library
900			_bTOC
942			_2NLM _cBK
999			_c2202 _d2202