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Health promoting behavior and associated factor among school going adolescent residing in Bharatpur metropolitan city of Chitwan district
ABSTRACT: Health promotion is a core and the most cost-effective and efficient strategy to improve health, health literacy, health empowerment, quality of life, social justice and reduce health inequality and poverty. World health organization (WHO) pointed out that, almost 60% of the quality of health of an individual health and the life depends on his/her behavior and lifestyle. Adolescent is a transition from dependent childhood to independent and responsible adulthood. The world health organization (WHO) defined adolescent as the population of 10-19 year of age. Out of population 26.5 million in Nepal 24.2% are adolescent according to census 2011. The aim of the study was to assess the health promoting behavior and associated factor among school going adolescent residing Bhartpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan District. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in school settings. Selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect data from 370 subjects in 17 secondary level schools (Community/Government 10 and Private schools 7) during the period July 4 to August 3, 2018. Epi-data version 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS version IBM 22 was used for data analysis software. The level of significant was measured in value of p < 0.05. For ethical approval, approved was taken from ethical review board of the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) and an informed written consent was taken from individual participants. Result:Studies showed that the majority (84.3%) of adolescent were physically inactive. Regarding the sex wise distribution both of the sex groups were found to be physically inactive. Out of female participants, 90.4% have physically inactive which is proportionately higher with compared to their male counterpart (77.5%).Study, furthermore reveled that type of school, gender-, and program organized on physical activity by various institutions and schools have a statistical significant association with level of physical activity of respondent. Other factors like age, marital status, educational qualification of the respondent and his/her parents, type of family, religion, sources of information and social media has no statistically significant association. For calculation of physically active and inactive regular morning walk, cycling/walking, work related activity and playing sports were used. Study showed that about a quarter;. 26.4% of participants have poor level of eating habit. (male 16.9% and female 51.3%) and about one forth i.e. 26.4% (male 28.7% and female 44.9%) have good level. Study furthermore reveled that educational qualification of mother, occupation of father, herd about health promoting behavior, newspaper as source of information and program organized on healthy food by various institution have a statistical significant association with level of healthy food habit. Study showed that majority, i.e. 75.9% (male 61.3% and female, 88.8%) of adolescents have good practice of using tobacco product-smoke, whereas 18.6% (male 28.3% and female, 10.2%) have average level and 5.4% (male 10.4% and female 1%) have poor levels of using tobacco products-smoke. It was found that the age group, gender/sex, educational qualification, religion, books as a source of information and message in social media have a statistical significant association with level of tobacco use-smoke. In addition, the study showed that the majority, i.e. 87.3% (male 79.2% and female, 94.4%) have a good practice of using smokeless tobacco product, whereas 10.8% (male 17.9% and female, 4.6%) have average level and 1.9% (male 2.9% and female 1%) have poor levels of using smokeless tobacco product. Study furthermore identified age group, gender-sex, religion, educational status of respondent and newspaper as a source of information demonstrate statistical significant association with level of using smokeless tobacco product of respondent. Almost half of respondents (45.9%, i.e. male, 58.4% and female, 35.0%) have practice of alcohol consumption. Only 5.4% (male 8.7% and female, 8.7%) have poor level, 40.5% (male 49.7% and female, 32.5%) have average level and 54.1% (male 41.6% and female 65%) have good level of alcohol consumption. With age group, gender-sex and educational status shows statistical significant association with level of alcohol consumption. The study showed that majority, i.e. 65.1% (male 61.8% and female, 68%) of participant's have poor levels of regular health checkup behavior whereas, one fifth, i.e. 19.5% (male 18.5% and female 20.3%) have average level and 15.4% (male 19.7% and female 11.7%) have good level. With gender/sex, participates in a program organized on regular check up by various institutions and school and message in social media demonstrates a statistical significant association with level of visiting regular health checkup. Conclusion:With comparing five health promoting behaviors (i.e. Physical activity, healthy food habit, smoke and smokeless tobacco use, alcohol consumption and regular health checkup) study showed that the majority, i.e. 60% (male 49.7% and 69%) of adolescent have an average level of health promoting behavior whereas, one fifth, i.e. 20.3% (male 23.7% and female 17.3) have a good level of health promoting behavior and remaining one fifth i.e. 19.7(male 26.6% and female 13.7%) have poor level. Regarding to association between different demographic variables the level of health promoting behavior,gender-sex and educational qualification of mother were found to be statistically significant.