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Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among 40 years and above population residing in Kumaritole-15,Lalitpur
ABSTRACT: Hypertension is defined as SBP 140 mm of Hg, DBP 90 mm of Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication. HTN among CVD is one of major components of non-communicable disease. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Due to progressive urbanization and adoption of sedentary lifestyle the prevalence of non-communicable disease is in increasing trend. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of HTN among 40 years and above population and to assess the distribution of risk factors among hypertensive and normotensive respondents by using cross-sectional descriptive design. Census was carried out and the data was collected from 141 respondents. The target population was 40 years and above population residing in Kumaritole-15 Lalitpur. Face to face interview was taken using structured standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure was categorized according to Seventh Joint National Committee on Hypertension criteria and BMI as per WHO classification. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured and respondents were asked about risk factor of hypertension such as smoking habit, alcohol consumption, stress, physical activity, dietary pattern and family history. Out of 141 respondents 64% were hypertensive. Among hypertensive 25.55% have controlled blood pressure and 16.66% have uncontrollable blood pressure in spite of taking antihypertensive drugs .Thirty-one percent( 31%) were unaware about high blood pressure status,. 51% were female and 61.7% were >50 years old. Out of total respondents 9.9% were obese, 57.4%were present smokers, 24.1% ex-smokers, 34.62% present smokers smoked >10 sticks/day,41.18% ex-smokers smoked >10 sticks/day, 73.08% present smokers smoked for >25 years, 52.94% ex-smokers smoked >25 years, 59.6% were present alcohol drinkers, 14.2% exalcohol drinkers, 67.57% were present drinkers who drank occasionally, 55% ex-drinkers who drank daily, 43.24% present drinkers drank since >40 years, 20% ex-drinkers drank >40 years; 34% respondents had stress, 45.83% had daily stress , 41.8% did not do any physical activities, 77.3% were non-vegetarian, 40.62% consumed fruits daily, 48.2%, 9.2% and 25.5% had family history of HTN, heart disease and diabetes respectively. Similarly, 12.2% hypertensive and 5.9% normotensive were obese, 42.2% hypertensive and 43.1% normotensive were smokers, 41.1% hypertensive and 39.2% normotensive were alcohol drinkers, 34.3% hypertensive and 33.3% normotensive had stress, 53.3% hypertensive and 66.7% normotensive did physical activities, 82.2% hypertensive and 68.6% normotensive were non-vegetarian, 56.7% hypertensive and 33.3% normotensive have family history of HTN, 13.3% hypertensive and 2% normotensive have family history of heart disease and 33.3% hypertensive and 11.8% normotensive have family history of diabetes. Based on study findings, there is high prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of risk factors of HTN was high among respondents as well as among hypertensive respondents. Educational and interventional program concerning preventive measures of HTN should be strongly recommended.