Prescribing pattern of antibiotic among hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection in tertiary care hospital.

Research Report.

ABSTRACT:

INTRODUCTION
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. It has
become one of the most common cause for the hospitalization and sepsis. The most common
causative organism of UTI are Escherichia coli (E.coli), Enterococcus, Klebsiella,
Pseudomonas and other Enterococcus or Staphylococcus species. UTI is generally treated with
antimicrobial agents and fluids. This study was conducted to study the prescribing pattern of
antibiotic among hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital
(NMCTH), Attarkhel, Kathmandu from January 2022 to April 2022. Patients aged 18 years or
above of both sex, admitted to various departments with the provisional diagnosis of UTI were
included in the study.

RESULTS
Out of 146 patients admitted with a diagnosis of UTI, more than half were females (98, 67.1%).
Most commonly affected age groups range from 18-30 years (40, 27.4%). Diabetes mellitus
(DM) was the commonest risk factor in 36 (24.6%) patients followed by renal stone (23,
15.7%) and pregnancy (22, 15.1%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics during hospital
stay was cephalosporin in 102 (69.9%) patients followed by combination of penicillin and beta
lactamase inhibitors (31, 21.2%) and fluroquinolones (15, 10.3%).
Ceftriaxone (78, 53.4%) alone was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic as empirical
therapy followed by combination of piperacillin and tazobactam (22, 15.1%). One hundred and forty four (78.6%) patients were prescribed antibiotics from watch group followed by access
group (21, 11.5 %).


CONCLUSION
Cephalosporin was the commonest antibiotic group prescribed in hospitalized patient where
ceftriaxone was commonly prescribed as an empirical therapy. Among AWaRe classification,
antibiotics from Watch group were commonly prescribed.